RESOURCES:
ViolenceAgainst Women During Armed Conflicts

International Documents /  Books & Articles



  1. Control CouncilLaw No. 10, Punishment of Persons Guilty of War Crimes, Crimes Against Peace andAgainst Humanity , December 20, 1945, 3 Official Gazette Control Council forGermany 50-55,1946.

  2. United NationsGeneral Assembly Resolution in Affirmation of the Principles of InternationalLaw Recognized by the Charter of Nürnberg Tribunal , December 11, 1946,. 1,1946. U.N. Doc. A/64/Add

  3. Convention onthe Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide , 78U.N.T.S. 277 , entered into force December 9, 1948.

  4. Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights , G.A. Res. 217 A(III), U.N. Doc. A/180 at 71,1948. (Articles 2, 7, 25)

  5. Geneva ConventionRelative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War , 75 U.N.T.S. 135, August 12, 1949. (Articles 3, 76, 126)

  6. Convention (IV)relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War , Geneva,12 August, 1949.

  7. Convention for theSuppression of the Traffic of Persons and the Exploitation of the Prostitutionof Others , G.A. Res. 317 (IV), December 2, 1949.

  8. Geneva ConventionRelative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War , 75U.N.T.S. 287 , August 12, 1949. (Articles 3, 76, 126)

  9. Geneva Conventionrelative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War , 75U.N.T.S. 287 , entered into force Oct. 21, 1950.

  10. Convention onthe Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide , 78U.N.T.S. 277 , entered into force Jan. 12, 1951.

  11. Convention on thePolitical Rights of Women , 193 U.N.T.S. 135 , entered intoforce July 7, 1954.

  12. Convention onthe Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes AgainstHumanity , entered into force November 11, 1970 , U.N. Res. 2391(XXIII ) of 26 November, 1968.

  13. AmericanConvention On Human Rights , Signed at the Inter-American SpecializedConference on Human Rights, San José, Costa Rica, 22 November, 1969.

  14. Declaration on theProtection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict , 29U.N. GAOR Supp. No.31 at 146, U.N. Doc. A/8631 ,1974.

  15. Declaration on theProtection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict ,proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 3318(XXIX ) of 14December, 1974.

  16. Convention on theElimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women , Adopted and opened for signature, ratification andaccession by General Assembly resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979, entry into force 3 September 1981, in accordance with article 27(1).

  17. Convention on theElimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women , G .A.Res. 34/180, U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 193, U.N. Doc. A/34/180, enteredinto force September 3, 1981. (Articles 1, 6).

  18. Conventionagainst Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment , General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984, entry intoforce 26 June ,1987.

  19. Declaration onthe Elimination of Violence Against Women , U.N. Doc.A/48/49 , 1993.

  20. Resolution 827 , Adopted by the Security Council at its 3217th meeting on 25 May 1993, U.N.Doc. S/RES/827, 1993.

  21. Declaration onthe Elimination of Violence against Women , G.A. res. 48/104, 48U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 217, U.N. Doc. A/48/49, 1993.

  22. Asian Women’s Human Rights Council ‘ s Statement to The WorldConference on Human Right (Vienna, June 14-25,1993)”, Quilt .Nov,1993.

  23. Committee onthe Elimination of Discrimination against Women , GeneralRecommendation 19, Violence Against Women, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev. 1 at84,1994.

  24. Committee onthe Elimination of Discrimination against Women , GeneralRecommendation 7, Resources, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 at 75,1994.

  25. Committeeon the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding Observations:Bosnia and Herzegovina , U.N. Doc. A/49/38 , paras.732-757,1994.

  26. InternationalCriminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Rules of Procedure and Evidence , U.N. Doc. IT/32/Rev.7 (1996), entered into force 14 March 1994,amendments adopted 8 January, 1996.

  27. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. Reportof the NGO Expert Meeting on the Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Violenceagainst Women, its Causes and Consequences , November 1994 .

  28. United Nations:Security Council Resolution 827 (1993) Establishing the International Tribunalfor the former Yugoslavia , U.N. Doc. S/RES/827 , 1994.

  29. Final Report of theCommission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/1994/674 and Add.2 (Annexes II, IX, IX(A), IX(B),May 27, 1994.

  30. Rapeand abuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia , U.N. Doc. A/RES/49/205 , December 23, 1994.

  31. ConcludingObservations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination AgainstWomen: Yugoslavia , U.N. Doc. A/49/38 , paras. 758-776, April 4,1994.

  32. ConcludingObservations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination AgainstWomen: Bosnia and Herzegovina , U.N. Doc. A/49/38 , paras.732-757, April 4, 1994.

  33. 1994-1995. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women,its causes and consequences. Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, in accordance withCommission on Human Rights resolution 1994/45.

  34. Rapeand abuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia , U.N. Doc. A/RES/50/192 , December 22, 1995.

  35. United NationsSecurity Council Resolution 1034 (1995), U.N. Doc. S/RES/1034 , 1995.

  36. HumanRights Situations and Reports of Special Rapporteur and Representatives - Rapeand abuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia , Human Rights Questions, Report of Secretary General, U.N. Doc. A/50/329, August 4, 1995.

  37. Theelimination of violence against women - Commission on Human Rights , Commission on Human Rights Res. 1995/85.

  38. Amnesty International. HumanRights are Women's Rights . Women Campaign Report, 1995.

  39. Amnesty International. 15Steps to Protect Women's Human Rights .1995.

  40. Systematicrape and sexual slavery during periods of armed conflict, The Sub-Commission onPrevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities , U.N.Res. 1995/14 , August 18, 1995.

  41. “ Reportof the 39th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women, Fourth WorldConference on Women PrepCom march 15-April 7,1995 ”, WomenMagazine , June, 1995.

  42. Rulescovering the detention of persons awaiting trial or appeal before the Tribunalor otherwise detained on the authority of the Tribunal , U.N. Doc.IT/38/Rev.4 , 1995.

  43. Human Rights Watch. “ ViolenceAgainst Women in South Africa ”, 11/24/95, 1995.

  44. HumanRights Situations and Reports of Special Rapporteur and Representatives - Rapeand abuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia , Human Rights Questions, Report of the Secretary General , U.N. Doc.A/51/557 , October 25, 1996.

  45. Amnesty International . InternationalWomen's Day: Amnesty International calls on all governments to draw up nationalplans of action on women's rights . News Release, 1996.

  46. Rape andabuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia , U.N.Doc. A/RES/51/115 , December 12, 1996.

  47. Amnesty International. TheHuman Rights of Women: A Reference Guide to Official United Nations Documents , 1996.

  48. Systematicrape and sexual slavery during periods of armed conflict, The Sub-Commission onPrevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities , U.N.Res. 1996/11 , August 23, 1996.

  49. Ms. Linda Chavez . ContemporaryForms of Slavery: Preliminary report of the Special Rapporteur on the situationof systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during periods ofarmed conflict , U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/26 , July16, 1996.

  50. Commission on Human Rights .Theelimination of violence against women - Commission on Human Rights , Res.1996/49.

  51. Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy. Reportof the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences , submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution1995/85, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1996/53/, February 2, 1996 and Add. 2.

  52. Integratingthe Human Rights of Women Throughout the United Nations System-Report of theSecretary-General , U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1997/40 , December20, 1996.

  53. Human Rights Watch. SystematicSexual Violence Against Rwandan Women . 1996.

  54. Reportof the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights , U.N.Doc. A/51/36 , October 18, 1996. (re: equality and non-discrimination ofwomen).

  55. Rape Defined as a War Crime by Tribunal , Reuters, June 27,1996.

  56. Amnesty International. Overcomingfear: human rights violations against women in Mexico Mexico,March, 1996.

  57. Human Rights Watch/Africa.” ViolenceAgainst Women and the Medico-Legal System ”. South Africa ,vol. 9, no. 4(A), August, 1997.

  58. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development,International Experts Will Meet in Montreal to Assess the Mandate of the U.N.Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women: Press Release , September2, 1997.

  59. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. Defenseof Women's Rights - 1996 to 1997: Activities .

  60. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. Women'sHuman Rights in Conflict Situations .July 31, 1997.

  61. Amnesty International . 1997UN Commission on Human Rights - 50 years old: The Human Rights of Women . 1997.

  62. Commission on Human Rights . Theelimination of violence against women - Commission on Human Rights , Res.1997/44.

  63. Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy. Reportof the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences , U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1997/47 , February 12, 1997.

  64. Letterdated 21 March 1997 from the Director of the United Nations Development Fund forWomen addressed to the Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights , U.N.Doc. E/CN.4/1997/131 , April 3, 1997.

  65. Situationof human rights in Rwanda , U.N. Doc. A/RES/51/114 , March 7,1997.

  66. WEST AFRICAN WORKSHOPON WOMEN IN THE AFTERMATH OF CIVIL WAR , 11 to 13 December 1998,CESAG, Dakar, Senegal.

  67. United Nations population Found . ASSESSMENTREPORT ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN KOSOVO . New York, May 1999.

  68. RAPEIS A WAR CRIME. HOW TO SUPPORT THE SURVIVORS . VIENNA 18 - 20 June1999, CONFERENCE REPORT .

  69. Women's Human Rights , HumanRights Watch World Report , 2000, November, 1999.

  70. Women' s Watch. ViolenceAgainst Women . General Recommendation No. 19. April, 2000.

  71. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination AgainstWomen (CEDAW), FIRSTSOUTH AFRICAN REPORT , 1997.

  72. Amnesty International . Women"Invisible" Victims of Human Rights Violations . NewsRelease.

  73. Amnesty International . Rape: An Act of Torture.

  74. Amnesty International. Women: doubly disadvantaged AmnestyInternational Refugee Campaign Briefing.

  75. Amnesty International. Women in the Front Line .

  76. “Bosnia's internal law and International War Crime Tribunal” , TheFletcher Forum of World Affairs 22 (1): 45 - 63,1998.

  77.   International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development .Defense of Women's Rights - 1996 to 1997: Activities.

  78. Amnesty International. Rape and Sexual Abuse: Torture andIll-Treatment of Women in Detention . January 1992.

  79. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. Women's Human Rights in Conflict Situations, July 31, 1997 .

 

 


Topto: International Documents

  1. “Affecting the Rules for the Prosecution of Rape and Other Gender -Based Violence Before the ICTY: A feminist Proposal and Critique”, HastingsWomen's L. J. 171

  2. “Bosnia: war rape conviction”, Off our Backs , January,1999.

  3. “Chechnia Rape Survivors Face Punishment”, Women Envision ,January, 2000.

  4. “International Appeal to Have Rapes Condemned in FormerYugoslavia”, Voices of Thai Women. , Dec. 1994.

  5. “No Justice, No Peace: Accountability for Rape and Gender -BasedViolence in The Former Yugoslavia”, Hastings Women's L.J. 89.

  6. “Rape of Bosnian Women Prompts Worldwide Protest”, Herizons ,Spring, 1993.

  7. “Rwanda: genocidal rape conviction”, Of Our Backs ,January, 1999.

  8. “Tribes, Ethnicity and Conflict in the Sudan: The Prospects forConflict Transformation”, Ahfad journal ., Dec. 1999.

  9. “Violence against Women- An Issue of Human Rights”, GenderAction , Summer 1997.

  10. “Wartime Military Sex slaves Reject Apology”, WomenEnvision , February 1998.

  11. “Women in politics in Rwanda: Picking up the pieces”, ZimbabweWomen' s Resource Centre and Network News Bulletin. August, 1995.

  12. “Women in the Line of Fire”, Asian Women News ., August,1995.

  13. Allen, Beverly. Rape and Warfare: The Hidden Genocide inBosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia . University of Minnesota Press ,1996.

  14. Allen,B. Rape Warfare in Bosnia -Herzegovina. The Policy andthe Law.

  15. Askin, K. D. War Crimes Against Women . Martinus NijhoffPublishers, 1997.

  16. Askin, Kelly Dawn. War Crimes Against Women - Prosecution inInternational War Crimes Tribunals. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1997.

  17. Aydelott, Danise. “ Mass Rape During War: Prosecuting BosnianRapists Under International Law”, 7 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 585 ,1993.

  18. Becker, Barbara. “ Women and the ICC”, Reproductive FreedomNews , October, 1998.

  19. Bernard, C. “ Rape as Terror: The case of Bosnia”, . Terrorismand Political Violence, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1994.

  20. Blatt, Debrah. ” Recognizing Rape as a Method of Torture”, 19Rev. L. & Social Change 821, 1992.

  21. Bok-Dong ,Kim; Siniora, Randa; Sung-Chung-Chin. “ Testimonies of theGlobal Tribunal on Violation of Women's Human Rights”, June. 1993.

  22. Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will: Man, Women and Rape. Secker/ Warburg, London , 1975.

  23. Bunch Charlotte; Dutt Malika; Fried, Susan. “ Beijing '95: A GlobalReferendum on the Human Rights of Women”, Manavi Newsletter., Winter, 1995.

  24. Card, Claudia. “ Addendum to Rape as a Weapon of War”, Hypatia- A Journal of Feminist Philosophy , Fall 1996.

  25. Cathryn Abrams . “Gender and the Military: Androcentrism andInstitutional Reform” , Law and Contemporary Problems, 56-4

  26. Chesler, Phylli. “ What is Justice for Rape Victim?”, On theIssues , Winter, 1996.

  27. Chesterman, S. ” Never Again... and Again: Law, Order and the Genderof War Crimes in Bosnia and Beyond”, Yale Journal of International Law , vol . 22; 299.

  28. Cleiren, C.P.M. and M.E.M. Tijssen. “ Substantive and ProceduralIssues: Rape and Other Forms of Sexual Assault in the Armed Conflict in theFormer Yugoslavia: Legal, Procedural and Evidentiary Issues”, 5 Crim.L.F. 471 ,1994.

  29. Cook, Rebecca. “ International Human Rights Law Concerning Women:Cases Notes and Comments”, 23 Vand.J. Transnat'l L. 779, 1990.

  30. Cook, Rebecca. “ State Responsibility for Violations of Women's HumanRights”, 7 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 125, 1994.

  31. Copelon, Rhonda. Symposium:” Women's Rights as International HumanRights: Women and War Crimes”, 69 St. John's L. Rev . 61, 1995.

  32. Copelon, Rhonda.” Surfacing Gender: Re-Engraving Crimes againstWomen in Humanitarian Law”, 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 243, 1994.

  33. Denno, Debrah W. “ Why Rape is Different”, 63 Fordham L.Rev. 25 ,1994.

  34. Douglas, Carol Anne. “ Mass Rape: The War Against Women in BiH”, OffOur Backs , March, 1995.

  35. Elkin, H. “ Aggressive and erotic Tendencies in Army Life”, . AmericanJournal of Sociology 51, 1946.

  36. End Sexual Violence Against Women---Worldwide Petition for theFilipino Comfort Women”, Quilt. Nov., 1993.

  37. Fairstein, Linda A. Sexual Violence: Our War Against Rape .William Morrow and Co. 1993.

  38. Forth World Conference on Women. Off Our Backs , November,1995.

  39. Gilardi, J; Hilario, E; Kudrryavtseva, O; Samsad, M. “ Testimonies ofthe Global Tribunal on Violation of Women's Human Rights”, June 1993.

  40. Goldberg, Pamela and Nancy Kelly. “ Recent Developments: InternationalHuman Rights and Violence Against Women”, 6 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 195,1993.

  41. Goldstein, Anne Tierney. Recognizing Forced Impregnation as a WarCrime Under International Law. The Center for Reproductive Law &Policy , New York, 1993.

  42. Goodwin Jan. “ Rwanda-Justice Denied”, On the issues ,Fall 1997.

  43. Green, Jennifer et al. “ Affecting the Rules for the Prosecution ofRape and Other Gender-Based Violence Before the International Criminal Tribunalfor the Former Yugoslavia: A Feminist Proposal and Critique”, 5Hastings Women's L.J. 171, 1994.

  44. Gustavo Capdevila. ” Human rights : A Battle Among Man Waged on theBodies of Women”, Interpress Service ,April 13, 1998.

  45. Hansen, A. “ Breaking the Cycle of Violence”, AustralianLaw, 1996.

  46. Haq , Farha. “ U.N. -Women: Seeking Gender role In InternationalCourt debate”, Interpress Service , August 12,. 1997.

  47. Hayden, Robert M. “ RAPE AND RAPE AVOIDANCE IN ETHNO-NATIONALCONFLICTS”, American anthropologist , March, 2000.

  48. Healey, Sharon A. “ Prosecuting Rape Under the Statute of the WarCrimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia”, J. Int'l L. 327, 1995.

  49. Heise, L . “Violence Against Women: The Hidden Health Burden”, WorldBank Discussion Paper . Washington. D.C.: The World Bank,1994.

  50. Hicks George. “ The Comfort Women: Sex Slaves of the ImperialJapanese Forces”, Women in Action ., March, 1996; 51-2

  51. Iyer, V.R. Krishna, Nivendi -A . “ Sex Trafficking in Asian Women”, Sri Lankan Feminist Journal , July, 1994.

  52. Jasna Belamariæ, Suzana Kovaèeviæ, Petronila Neuner. “Violenceagainst women”, Zagreb, Center for Women War Victims, 2000.

  53. Kakuchi, Suvendrini. “ Women-Japan; In two Years, A Tribunal onViolence against Women”, Interpress Service , December 17, 1998.

  54. Katzenstein, Mary/Reppy, Judith (eds.). Beyond Zero Tolerance . Discrimination in Military Culture, New York, 1999.

  55. Kesic, Obrad. “Women and Gender Imagery in Bosnia: Amazons, Sluts,Victims, Witches, and Wombs”, In: Sabrina P. Ramet/Branka Magas (eds.). Gender Politics in the Western Balkans. Women and Society in Yugoslavia and theYugoslav Successor States. University Park. Pa.: Pennsylvania StateUniversity Press ,1999.

  56. Kesiæ, Vesna. " Response To Turning Rape into Pornography”, Offour Backs , January 1994.

  57. Kohn, Elizabeth A.” Rape as a Weapon of War: Women's Human RightsDuring the Dissolution of Yugoslavia”, 24 Golden Gate U. L.Rev. 199, 1994.

  58. Kusiv,S; Memsimovic. F.; Mlaðenoviæ, L. " Testimonies of theGlobal Tribunal on Violation of Women's Human Rights”, June, 1993.

  59. Levy, Arden B. “ International Prosecution of Rape in Warfare:Nondiscriminatory Recognition and Enforcement”, 4 UCLA Women's L.J. 255, 1994.

  60. l-MaryAati, Laila. “ Violation of Human rights against Women InBiH”, April 19, 1995.

  61. MacKinnon, Catharine. “ Rape, Genocide and Women's Human Rights”, 17 Harv. Women's L.J. 5, 1994.

  62. Malone, Linda A. ” Beyond Bosnia and in re Kasinga: A FeministPerspective of Recent Developments in Protecting Women From Sexual Violence”, 14 B.U. Int'l L.J. 319, 1996.

  63. Meron, Theodor . “Rape as a Crime Under International HumanitarianLaw”, 87 A.J.I.L. 424, 1993.

  64. Mischowski, Gabi. “ How Effective is the Tribunal for Balkan RapeSurvivors ?”, Off Our Back ,January 1998.

  65. Moorehead, Caroline.” Rape as a weapon of modern warfare:Bosnia highlights the growing use of sexual abuse as military strategy”, TheIndependent, August 6, 1995.

  66. Morokvasiæ Mirjana; Nivedini-A. " The Logics of Exclusion :Nationalism. Sexism, and the Yugoslav War”, Sri-Lankan Feminist Journal ,June, 7, 1999.

  67. Morris, Madelin. “ By Force of Arms: Rape, War and Military Culture ”, 45 Duke L.J. 651, 1996.

  68. Neuffer, Elisabeth. “ Gender Issues in ICC, ICTY and ICTR”, . TWATCH ,1997.

  69. Ni Aolain, Fionnuala. “ Radical Rules: The Effects of Evidential andProcedural Rules on the Regulation of Sexual Violence in War”, 60 Alb.L. Rev. 883, 1997.

  70. Ni Aolain, Fionnuala. “ The Entrenchment of Systematic Abuse: MassRape in Former Yugoslavia; Mass Rape: The War Against Women in the FormerYugoslavia”, Book Review 8 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 285, 1995.

  71. Nordstrom, Carolyn (1998). “ Girls Behind the (Front) Lines”, In: Lois Ann Lorentzen/Jennifer Turpin (eds.). The Women and War Reader, New York: New York University Press, 1998.

  72. Philipose, Liz. “ The laws of War and Women's human Rights”, Hypatia-A Journal of Feminist Philosophy , Fall 1996.

  73. Piccigallo, Philip R. “ The Japanese on Trial. Allied War CrimesOperations in the East, 1945 - 1951”, , Book Review, 75 A.J.I.L. 396, 1981.

  74. Pratt, Kathleen M. and Laurel E. Fletcher. “ Time for Justice: TheCase for International Prosecutions of Rape and Gender-Based Violence in theFormer Yugoslavia”, Berkeley Women's L.J. 77, 1994.

  75. Rosca, Ninotchka; Hicks, George. “ Cold Comfort. The Comfort Women:Japan's Brutal Regime on Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War”, Women'sReview of Books . , December, 1995.

  76. Sajor, Indai-Lourdes. ” Women in Armed Conflict Situations”, Quilt., Nov., 1993.

  77. Sancho, Nelia. “ History: Comfort Women as Feminist Story-Tellers”, Asia Women , May, 1999.

  78. Schwendinger, J. Rape and Inequality . Sage Library ofSocial Research, 1983.

  79. Seifert, Ruth. “ War and Rape- Analytical Approaches”, Warand rape- analytical Approaches , April,1993.

  80. Simons, Marlise.” For the First time , Court Defines Rape as WarCrime”, New York Times ( National edition ), June 28, 1996.

  81. Simons, Marlisle. “ Landmark Bosnia Rape Trial : A LegalMorass”, NY Times (National edition ), July 29, 1998.

  82. Skrobanek Siriporn. “ Violence Against Women: Forms and Remedies”, Voicesof Thai Women., January, 1994 (10).

  83. Splittgerber, Scott. “ Note and Comment: The Need for GreaterRegional Protection for the Human Rights of Women: The Cases of Rape in Bosniaand Guatemala”, 15 Wis. Int'l L.J. 185, 1996.

  84. Statement Regarding Mass rapes . B.a.B.e, Press Release,April 29, 1999.

  85. Stiehm, Judith. “ Peacekeeping and Peace Research: Men's and Women'sWork”, Women & Politics 18(1).,1997.

  86. Stiglmayer, Alexandra (ed.) and Marion Faber (trans). Mass Rape:The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina . University ofNebraska Press.

  87. Stuhldreher, Karen. “ State Rape : Representations ofRape in Vietnam”, Vietnam Generation Big Book, Vol. 5, No. 1-4,March, 1994.

  88. Thomas, Dorothy Q. and Regan E. Ralph. Rape in War: Challenging theTradition of Impunity . SAIS Review, 1994.

  89. Tiggelaar, Frank. “ Sexual Assault Committee” , TWATCH ,1997.

  90. Tutorow, Norman E. (ed). War Crimes, War Criminals and War Crimes Trials . Greenwood Press ,1986.

  91. Vo, Minh. T. ” Ending Rape as a weapon of War”, ChristianScience Monitor , April 25, 2000.

  92. W. Dierks, Beatrice..” The UN Fourth World Conference on Women”, NWSAJournal , Summer 1996.

  93. Wilbers, M. T. A. “ Sexual Abuse in Times of Armed Conflict”, . LeidenJournal of International Law ; Vol. 7, No. 2, 1994.

  94. Wilbers, M.T.A. ” Sexual Abuse in Times of Armed Conflict”, LeidenJournal of International Law ; Vol.7, No. 2, 1994.

  95. Women in War Zones. Women in War Zones , December, 1994.

  96. Yusuf, Sedua, Venetis, Gottlieb and Davis. “Symposium: ViolenceAgainst Women: International Solutions Symposium”, 18 Women's Rights L.Rep. 263, 1997.

 

International Documents / Books & Articles

 

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